CowOnTree

clanlogo
Position: Junior officer
Joined: 2024-07-12

Overall Stats

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles7754044345
Ø Tier7,970,008,958,10
Victories439856,72%00,00%2250,00%20860,29%
Defeats324141,80%00,00%2250,00%13438,84%
Draws1151,48%00,00%00,00%30,87%
Battles survived311840,21%00,00%1534,09%15444,64%
Tanks destroyed97741,2600,00551,254541,32
Destruction ratio2,110,001,902,38
Tanks spotted79941,0300,00320,733531,02
Damage dealt1.821,360,002.108,391.942,26
Capture points47120,6100,00140,323651,06
Defense points46860,6000,0000,001350,39
Experience935,690,00828,57953,06
WN71622,800,001374,941689,25
WN82377,730,002048,412511,89
Total
Battles7754
Ø Tier7,97
Victories439856,72%
Defeats324141,80%
Draws1151,48%
Battles survived311840,21%
Tanks destroyed97741,26
Destruction ratio2,11
Tanks spotted79941,03
Damage dealt1.821,36
Capture points47120,61
Defense points46860,60
Experience935,69
WN71622,80
WN82377,73
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Ø Tier0,00
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
WN70,00
WN80,00
Past 7 days
Battles44
Ø Tier8,95
Victories2250,00%
Defeats2250,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived1534,09%
Tanks destroyed551,25
Destruction ratio1,90
Tanks spotted320,73
Damage dealt2.108,39
Capture points140,32
Defense points00,00
Experience828,57
WN71374,94
WN82048,41
Past 30 days
Battles345
Ø Tier8,10
Victories20860,29%
Defeats13438,84%
Draws30,87%
Battles survived15444,64%
Tanks destroyed4541,32
Destruction ratio2,38
Tanks spotted3531,02
Damage dealt1.942,26
Capture points3651,06
Defense points1350,39
Experience953,06
WN71689,25
WN82511,89
Created at:
Last battle:
Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Company statistics

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Team statistics

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Skirmishes statistics

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Anzeigen

Tanks (193)

Tank NameMTypeNationTierØ DamageØ XPBattlesVictoriesWN8
Progetto M35 mod. 46 81716,1895029855,37%2243,62
Object 70592159,9298426157,09%2304,81
112 81468,4989423252,59%1814,74
Object 252U Defender 81837,1299021455,14%2292,08
SMV CC-64 Vipera 81899,00102021157,82%2331,29
Škoda T 56 82316,92112217958,10%2784,37
M54 Renegade 81709,5991416154,04%1969,54
SU-130PM 82315,41102815959,75%3096,58
BZ-176 82197,06114115865,19%2552,58
T9592431,7198413658,09%2307,20
E 7592501,99106013259,09%2786,94
M47 Iron Arnie 81709,4997412556,00%2153,49
T-34-85 Rudy 61023,4186912361,79%2151,48
Bat.-Châtillon Bourrasque 81431,5478611846,61%1605,45
IS-2M 71515,92102411567,83%2296,30
T77 82028,78104110757,01%2855,84
FV215b (183) 102712,1879910053,00%2441,40
Object 705A102355,668559350,54%2009,58
LT-432 81075,709379356,99%2599,76
Type 64 6797,767829254,35%2356,52
ShPTK-TVP 100 81932,8110219158,24%2636,29
Vz. 55102920,849729053,33%2438,39
T2071201,979208666,28%2399,40
Conqueror92774,6911768464,29%3182,53
WZ-120-1G FT 81602,658748253,66%1906,31
Object 703 Version II 82017,2511468161,73%2700,71
T-5491976,479967653,95%2344,13
IS-7102540,3910627166,20%2803,94
T-54 ltwt.91268,228636959,42%2220,15
Kampfpanzer 07 RH 81782,6910406558,46%2747,62
AMX 13 57 71253,0211626462,50%3578,51
Object 26392518,299986254,84%2637,48
T-832 81782,9810566160,66%1957,46
IS-381777,839646056,67%2350,02
M46 Patton91639,528446053,33%1686,61
M4A3E8 Sherman6703,756145949,15%1381,09
Leopard 1102777,479725962,71%2762,87
IS71290,428345754,39%1888,08
TNH T Vz. 5191949,808955655,36%1814,19
Object 25792579,789775440,74%3175,29
Cobra 92322,939585455,56%2329,01
FSV Scheme A71163,068515354,72%2083,17
SU-14-281009,696755251,92%1089,07
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. H Ankou 5745,297815156,86%1785,05
GSOR 1010 FB 82031,4110945164,71%2948,63
M48A5 Patton102066,508595054,00%1895,98
Škoda T 5092492,1910084850,00%2778,26
T110E3102726,009404864,58%2435,99
Vz. 44-171462,949634765,96%2262,29
T-34-85M 6926,817304751,06%1500,90
Jagdpanzer E 100103055,008754660,87%2500,81
Waffenträger auf Pz. IV92542,179464658,70%2720,08
Rheinmetall Skorpion 82029,229554650,00%2530,29
Leopard Prototyp A92515,5610964566,67%2713,15
M26 Pershing81027,367214450,00%1132,38
122 TM 81780,369804461,36%2212,61
Strv S1 81698,937904358,14%1823,39
Char Futur 4 91948,149384358,14%2039,55
Object 268 Version 4102555,179684165,85%2239,81
SU-2-122 5582,885674153,66%1404,91
Object 283 91774,859084160,98%2022,33
T-54 first prototype 81240,958914148,78%1558,92
UDES 15/16102104,638124052,50%1725,99
SU-122-44 71258,786994040,00%1697,17
Tiger II81767,338183938,46%2073,24
T-1092580,8711203964,10%3416,07
TNH 105/100081590,169213850,00%2122,74
Ho-Ri 192919,0510903762,16%3150,93
Tiger I71623,728783647,22%2156,29
VK 30.01 (P)6902,007053661,11%1794,19
T54E192786,2211853672,22%3581,21
S-517923,697183554,29%1137,27
60TP Lewandowskiego102734,779943562,86%2399,64
IS-M81778,7110533565,71%2568,89
50TP Tyszkiewicza92802,3811963455,88%3606,57
SU-86799,325483441,18%937,32
KV-1S61209,397753348,48%2304,14
UDES 1692002,1310013262,50%2413,66
LTTB8916,817333243,75%1840,91
M3 Lee4295,743003158,06%1032,68
Jagdtiger92638,1011533174,19%3009,44
Rhm.-Borsig Waffenträger82507,0610553158,06%3229,59
Caernarvon82150,6011683053,33%3174,83
Type 95 Ji-Ro61128,277913070,00%2483,35
KV-151219,008733063,33%2972,07
Škoda T 2561213,177742941,38%2502,60
45TP Habicha71243,007202941,38%1758,49
T-4481834,909562958,62%3100,57
T57 Heavy Tank102955,079272948,28%2405,03
Object 430 Version II92311,459162958,62%2731,05
E 100102636,149052853,57%2528,35
Type 59 81594,7810772770,37%2282,02
T2882058,639782759,26%2763,50
M4A1 Sherman5581,235962650,00%1697,31
CS-52 LIS 81710,779242650,00%2291,81
UDES 14 Alt 581773,6410522572,00%2656,96
E 5093018,6812812576,00%3804,96
53TP Markowskiego82644,2511802450,00%3765,95
Char Mle. 75 91256,677512437,50%1757,11
SDP wz 66 Grom 82340,1311282462,50%3015,89
Mittlerer Kpz. Pr. 68 (P) 81654,578432352,17%1959,59
SU-100Y 61353,528212352,17%2536,71
Charioteer Nomad 82126,358872352,17%2107,12
G.W. Panther71170,829802272,73%1625,10
T6982181,0910202250,00%3383,59
E 25 71615,369902250,00%3195,49
Progetto C50 mod. 6692721,4312222171,43%3750,34
Progetto CC55 mod. 5482234,2410742147,62%2932,21
Churchill VII6948,387542152,38%1758,47
Ho-Ri 3102816,108542152,38%2361,54
Bisonte C45 81838,199362138,10%2212,73
Type 63 82036,9011462157,14%2582,28
Panther71218,708252035,00%2095,51
Ho-Ri 282019,007852030,00%2359,91
T-100 LT102020,059982065,00%3299,44
VK 28.01 mit 10,5 cm L/28 61228,759252065,00%3925,26
Pz.Kpfw. T 25 5526,606362060,00%1438,41
VK 36.01 (H)61448,428241931,58%2907,21
M41 HMC5503,534941973,68%815,96
SU-100M171673,4710861968,42%2942,76
Chi-To SP71928,6711591877,78%2852,35
AMX ELC bis5835,007691866,67%4643,92
AMX M4 mle. 5192570,1711671866,67%2636,57
LTG71189,679361861,11%3406,16
Staghound Mk. III61287,0610611866,67%3032,85
T2971827,6511371776,47%2810,14
SMV CC-5671545,3510371764,71%3139,53
Panther II81556,537431735,29%2112,66
FV601 Saladin81702,768631747,06%2197,44
Valentine II 4355,536691752,94%1094,02
Leo71476,819581668,75%2946,64
AMX 13 F3 AM6999,446161643,75%1471,51
M2 Medium Tank3262,603101560,00%1133,70
T25 AT71342,537981546,67%1917,97
SMV CC-6781859,868891442,86%2480,70
AMX 12 t61051,719491464,29%3685,78
Type 3 Ho-Ni III5951,796531450,00%2223,70
XM66F 81770,718961457,14%2365,65
TVP T 50/51102071,547081330,77%1757,71
Carro d'assalto P.8871011,777881346,15%1227,05
Semovente M43 Bassotto61537,469391361,54%3411,39
Churchill I51186,508771250,00%2773,77
M10 Wolverine5602,834181250,00%1226,09
E 50 Ausf. M102900,6710311258,33%3187,87
TS-54 81401,588161250,00%1339,97
AEC Armoured Car5865,457471172,73%2595,79
AMBT 81326,737361145,45%1191,63
M16/43 Sahariano 3676,457711154,55%1852,52
AE Phase I 92295,009831154,55%2446,04
Super Conqueror103204,4012391080,00%3142,15
40TP Habicha61335,67918966,67%4229,29
T-34-8561074,22778955,56%2182,56
M36 Jackson61464,44952966,67%3164,62
M1271234,11876955,56%1543,00
M8A14586,00466966,67%1856,89
Object 41681523,22689933,33%1986,06
25TP KSUST II51222,88774850,00%3860,02
Object 277103593,381213875,00%3704,61
Object 140102576,291047771,43%2523,97
Panhard AML Lynx 6x68922,71657757,14%1842,51
K-91-PT 91360,57866757,14%1199,94
A25 Harry Hopkins I 4733,14803771,43%2022,88
T-284853,17569650,00%3149,66
SU-10061457,50840666,67%3145,23
Tiger-Maus 92748,831141666,67%2890,87
ELC EVEN 90 8640,83763650,00%1263,27
T1 HMC298,40164560,00%479,75
Obsidian 81666,40932540,00%1964,94
AM 39 Gendron-Somua 2531,20748540,00%2618,04
AMX 404559,75561475,00%2861,99
T1 Heavy Tank51064,00883450,00%3184,54
BT-53283,00403475,00%1028,85
Char de transition 61185,50919475,00%2159,85
Turtle Mk. I 81674,25906450,00%1659,26
Churchill Crocodile 6927,00588425,00%1181,94
Strv fm/211179,67362366,67%1112,32
T1 Cunningham166,0011730,00%148,88
GSOR 1006 Scheme 791192,33588333,33%775,18
Tiger II Kuromorimine 71231,00827333,33%1215,99
ARMT 5810,67719366,67%2172,93
T-262198,50244250,00%836,47
Vickers MBT Mk. 3 102937,0012412100,00%3133,48
Renault FT1241,0035710,00%1634,73
M15/423531,006741100,00%1852,90
P.43 bis61454,009531100,00%3051,29
T2 Medium Tank2123,008410,00%363,44
Panzerwagen 39 332,003201100,00%261,00
Felice 91017,0029710,00%412,27
Cruiser Mk. II2545,0032410,00%2522,15
AMX 105 AM mle. 474822,006501100,00%4615,04
TL-7 91809,0065110,00%1108,39
Type 5 Ka-Ri 85068,00168910,00%4557,95
Dicker Max 61062,0044710,00%1924,56

Graphs

WN8

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Clan history

Position: Junior officer
Joined: 2024-07-12
Position: Private
Joined: 2023-09-20
Left: 2024-02-27
Position: Recruit
Joined: 2023-01-28
Left: 2023-01-31
Position: Junior officer
Joined: 2023-02-01
Left: 2023-08-06
Position: Recruitment officer
Joined: 2023-01-01
Left: 2023-01-26
Position: Recruit
Joined: 2022-12-31
Left: 2022-12-31